Crazing and shivering represent two distinct but related phenomena that occur in the glazing of ceramic objects, a critical aspect of their aesthetic and functional finish. Crazing refers to the network of fine cracks that can appear on the surface of the glaze, often visible as a spiderweb pattern that does not affect the structural integrity of the ceramic piece but may influence its visual appeal and water resistance. This condition is typically caused by a mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the ceramic body and the glaze, leading to tension that manifests as these fine cracks upon cooling. Crazing is not indicative of a failure in the ceramic's durability but rather a characteristic that can sometimes be intentionally achieved for decorative purposes. On the other hand, shivering is a less common but more problematic issue where the glaze compresses and then flakes off from the ceramic body. This occurs due to a glaze having a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than the ceramic body, creating a compressive stress that can cause pieces of the glaze to detach. Unlike crazing, shivering can compromise the functionality and longevity of the ceramic piece, making it unsuitable for practical applications. Both crazing and shivering highlight the importance of understanding material properties and the precise control of firing temperatures and glaze compositions in the ceramic design process. These phenomena underscore the intricate balance between aesthetic desires and technical requirements in ceramics, reflecting broader principles in design where form and function must harmoniously coexist. The historical development of glazing techniques, from ancient pottery to contemporary ceramic art, has continually evolved to address and manipulate these effects, demonstrating the field's adaptability and the designer's role in mediating between material constraints and creative expression.
ceramics, glazing techniques, thermal expansion, aesthetic appeal, material properties
CITATION : "Michael Thompson. 'Crazing And Shivering.' Design+Encyclopedia. https://design-encyclopedia.com/?E=429316 (Accessed on May 03, 2025)"
Crazing and Shivering are two phenomena that occur in the glazing of ceramic objects, reflecting the intricate balance between aesthetic appeal and technical execution in ceramic design. Crazing refers to the network of fine cracks that can appear on the surface of the glaze, often seen as a web of intricate lines that can add a certain character to the piece or be viewed as a flaw, depending on the intent of the designer. This effect is typically caused by a mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the ceramic body and the glaze applied to it, leading to tension and the subsequent formation of cracks as the piece cools after firing. On the other hand, shivering is the opposite phenomenon, where the glaze compresses and may even flake off the ceramic body. This occurs when the glaze is under compression, often due to a higher coefficient of thermal expansion of the body compared to the glaze, causing the glaze to contract more upon cooling and thus detach from the body. Both crazing and shivering highlight the importance of understanding material properties and the thermal behaviors of glazes and clay bodies in ceramic design. They serve as critical considerations in the production of ceramics, affecting not only the durability and functionality of the finished pieces but also their aesthetic qualities. The aesthetic and functional implications of crazing and shivering have been explored throughout the history of ceramics, with some cultures and design movements embracing these effects for their unique textures and visual qualities, while others strive to eliminate them for a smoother, more uniform appearance. The management of these phenomena involves a deep understanding of material science and kiln-firing techniques, showcasing the blend of art and science inherent in ceramic design. Additionally, the A' Design Award recognizes the technical skill and creative innovation in ceramic design, where the controlled use or avoidance of effects like crazing and shivering can contribute to the award's criteria for excellence in design.
Crazing, Shivering, Ceramic design, Thermal expansion, Glaze, Kiln-firing techniques, Material science
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