The Concentric Zone Model is a theoretical model of urban development that was first proposed by sociologist Ernest Burgess in 1925. The model suggests that cities naturally grow outward in a series of concentric circles, with the central business district (CBD) at the center and the residential areas located further away from the core. The model divides the city into five zones, each with its unique characteristics and land use patterns. The first zone, located closest to the CBD, is the central business district. This area is characterized by high-density commercial land use, including offices, retail stores, and other businesses. The second zone is the transitional zone, which is characterized by a mix of residential and commercial land use. This area is often home to low-income residents, and the buildings tend to be older and in need of repair. The third zone is the working-class zone, which is primarily residential and home to blue-collar workers. The fourth zone is the residential zone, which is home to middle-class families and is characterized by single-family homes and larger yards. The fifth and final zone is the commuter zone, which is located on the outskirts of the city and is home to people who commute to work in the city. The Concentric Zone Model has been criticized for oversimplifying urban development and for not taking into account the unique characteristics of individual cities. However, it remains a useful tool for understanding the general patterns of urban development and for planning purposes.
urban development, land use patterns, central business district, residential areas, working-class zone
The Concentric Zone Model is an urban planning model developed by American sociologist Ernest Burgess in 1925. The model proposes that cities naturally expand outward in a series of concentric circles, with the city center as the core. The model classifies land use into five zones based on their relation to the central business district. The zone furthest from the core is the commuter zone, while the zone closest to the core is the central business district. This model of urbanization is still widely applied in many cities to this day.
Urban structure, land use, zoning, socio-economic segregation, transportation, gentrification, spatial structure, density, growth patterns, accessibility.
CITATION : "Paul Davis. 'Concentric Zone Model.' Design+Encyclopedia. https://design-encyclopedia.com/?E=246169 (Accessed on June 29, 2025)"
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