Reference Evapotranspiration Rate (ETR) is a measure of the amount of water that is lost from a reference surface due to evaporation and transpiration. Evapotranspiration refers to the combined processes of water loss through evaporation from the soil and transpiration from plants. ETR is typically measured in millimeters per day or per month and is used to estimate the water requirements of crops, landscapes, and other vegetation. It is also used to calculate the water balance of a region, which is important for managing water resources. The ETR is calculated using a formula that takes into account various climatic factors such as solar radiation, temperature, wind speed, and humidity. The Penman-Monteith equation is the most widely used formula for calculating ETR. This equation requires weather data such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation, as well as information about the vegetation and soil type. In addition to being an important tool for managing water resources, ETR is also used in the design of irrigation systems and in the management of agricultural crops. By knowing the ETR of a particular crop or landscape, farmers and landscapers can determine the optimal amount of water to apply to the area. This can help to conserve water and reduce the risk of overwatering, which can lead to soil erosion and other environmental problems. Overall, ETR is a critical metric for managing water resources and designing efficient irrigation systems. It provides valuable information about the water requirements of crops and landscapes, and helps to ensure that water is used in a sustainable and responsible manner.
evapotranspiration, water balance, Penman-Monteith equation, irrigation systems, water resources
Reference Evapotranspiration Rate (or ETR) is a measure of the rate of evaporation from a reference surface which closely approximates a grass-covered surface with an assumed albedo of 0.23 and a canopy resistance of 70 s m-1. This rate is also indicative of the atmospheric evaporative demand and is used in combination with climate data to help quantify and predict the water demand of a given area. In the context of architecture, the ETR is an essential element in the design process due to the importance of creating an efficient and water-saving system. Architects must consider the ETR when designing a building to make sure that the water needs of the building are met while also conserving resources.
Climate, Water, Evaporation, Canopy, Albedo
CITATION : "Michael Adams. 'Reference Evapotranspiration Rate.' Design+Encyclopedia. https://design-encyclopedia.com/?E=236988 (Accessed on July 03, 2025)"
Reference evapotranspiration rate, as it pertains to architecture, is the rate of water vapor evaporating from a surface and is derived from the rate of evaporation from a reference surface, such as an open water surface or a short grass reference crop. It is typically quantified by the Penman-Monteith equation, which is an equation used to approximate the rate at which water evaporates from a given surface. This equation factors in the combined effects of solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity, wind, and other climatic factors. The evapotranspiration rate is an important metric for architects, as it helps to inform decisions around the design of a building, such as the placement and type of insulation, the type of windows and doors, and the optimal orientation of the building in relation to the sun.
Evaporation, Transpiration, Penman-Monteith, Solar Radiation, Relative Humidity.
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