Compluvium is an architectural feature in ancient Roman houses, particularly in the atrium-style houses of the wealthy. It is an opening in the center of the roof that allows rainwater to enter and collect in a shallow pool called an impluvium below. The compluvium was an integral part of the Roman atrium, which served as the central hub of the home. The atrium was typically surrounded by rooms on all sides and had a sloped roof that directed rainwater into the compluvium. This ingenious design served both practical and aesthetic purposes. The collected rainwater in the impluvium could be used for household needs, while the compluvium itself allowed natural light and ventilation into the atrium. The interplay of light and water created a visually striking and refreshing atmosphere in the heart of the home. The size and design of the compluvium varied depending on the size of the atrium and the wealth of the homeowner. Some compluviums were simple rectangular openings, while others were more ornate with decorative frames or even mosaics around the edges. The compluvium was not only a functional element but also a symbol of status and wealth in ancient Roman society.
Atrium, Impluvium, Roman architecture, Rainwater harvesting, Natural lighting
Compluvium is a term used in architecture to describe a specific roofing system that was popularized in ancient Rome. This roofing system is characterized by a central opening in the roof, which allows natural light and air to enter the building. The opening is typically surrounded by secondary openings, known as compluvia, which are flanked by pilasters that support the roof. The Compluvium was an important feature of Roman architecture, providing a space for ventilation and for the collection of rainwater for use within the building. The Compluvium was not only functional but also served an aesthetic purpose. It was often used to create a sense of openness and space within the building, and to provide a connection to the natural world outside. The use of natural light and air was also seen as a way to promote health and well-being, as it was believed to have a positive effect on the occupants of the building. In addition to its functional and aesthetic qualities, the Compluvium also had a symbolic significance. It was seen as a representation of the connection between the heavens and the earth, and was often used in religious and ceremonial contexts. The central opening in the roof was sometimes referred to as the eye of heaven, and was believed to be a conduit for divine energy. Today, the Compluvium is still used in modern architecture, although it is often adapted to suit contemporary building materials and design aesthetics. The use of natural light and air is still seen as an important aspect of sustainable design, and the Compluvium continues to be a popular choice for architects and designers who are looking to create spaces that are both functional and beautiful.
architecture, roofing system, natural light, ventilation, rainwater, aesthetics, symbolism, sustainable design
The term Compluvium, within the scope of architecture, denotes a roofing system that is used to provide natural light and ventilation to a building. This system was first used in ancient Rome, and consists of an opening in the roof that allows for the entrance of natural light and air. The opening is usually made of masonry, such as tiles, bricks, and stone. This type of roofing system is still used today, and is a popular choice for modern buildings due to its aesthetic value, its ability to reduce energy costs, and its durability.
Lighting, Ventilation, Masonry, Aesthetics, Durability.
The Compluvium is a type of roofed structure in Roman architecture, typically found in atriums and courtyards. Its function is to provide shelter from the elements while allowing light to enter the building. The Compluvium comprises a roof with a central opening, usually in the form of an oculus, with secondary openings on either side. These secondary openings, or compluvia, are typically flanked by pilasters, which support the roof. The Compluvium was an important feature of Roman architecture, providing a space for ventilation and for the collection of rainwater for use within the building. In many cases, the Compluvium was used not only to provide shelter from the elements, but also to provide a space for leisure and contemplation.
Compluvium, Atrium, Roman, Oculus, Pilasters.
CITATION : "Michael Adams. 'Compluvium.' Design+Encyclopedia. https://design-encyclopedia.com/?E=233206 (Accessed on July 16, 2025)"
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