Within-Group Design is a research design used in experimental psychology, where all participants are exposed to all levels of the independent variable. This design is used to compare the effects of different treatments or conditions on the same group of participants. Within-Group Design is also known as a repeated measures design, as each participant is measured repeatedly under different conditions. This design is particularly useful when the number of participants is limited, as it increases statistical power by reducing error variance. One of the main advantages of Within-Group Design is that it controls for individual differences between participants, as each participant serves as their own control. This reduces the likelihood of confounding variables affecting the results. Additionally, Within-Group Design is more efficient than Between-Group Design, as it requires fewer participants to achieve the same statistical power. However, Within-Group Design also has some limitations. One of the main limitations is the potential for order effects, where the order in which conditions are presented may influence the results. To control for order effects, counterbalancing can be used, where the order of conditions is varied across participants. Another limitation is the potential for carryover effects, where the effects of one condition carry over to subsequent conditions. To control for carryover effects, a washout period can be used, where participants are given a break between conditions to allow the effects of the previous condition to dissipate. In conclusion, Within-Group Design is a research design used in experimental psychology to compare the effects of different treatments or conditions on the same group of participants. It has advantages in terms of controlling for individual differences and being more efficient than Between-Group Design, but also has limitations in terms of potential order and carryover effects. Researchers must carefully consider these factors when designing experiments using Within-Group Design.
experimental psychology, repeated measures design, statistical power, individual differences, order effects, counterbalancing, carryover effects, washout period
Within-Group Design is an avant-garde artistic movement founded by the famous artist, Marcel Duchamp in 1915. The movement is a form of abstract expressionism that combines elements of both visual art and music. It emphasizes the visual expression of the artist's innermost thoughts and feelings and the utilization of a wide range of materials, textures, colors, and movements. Some of the most important works of Within-Group Design include Duchamp's The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors and Nude Descending a Staircase, as well as Man Ray's Rayographs.
Avant-Garde, Abstract Expressionism, Marcel Duchamp, Movement Art, Performance Art.
CITATION : "Olga Ivanova. 'Within-Group Design.' Design+Encyclopedia. https://design-encyclopedia.com/?E=208815 (Accessed on July 16, 2025)"
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