Stack effect is a natural phenomenon that occurs in buildings and structures due to the differences in temperature and density of air. It is a result of the movement of air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. In buildings, stack effect is caused by the warm air rising and creating a void in its wake, which is then filled by cooler air. This movement of air can be enhanced by mechanical airflow systems, such as fans. One important aspect of stack effect is its impact on the energy efficiency of a building. The movement of air can cause heat loss in the winter and heat gain in the summer, leading to increased energy consumption for heating and cooling. Therefore, it is important to consider stack effect in the design of buildings, particularly those with high ceilings. Another aspect of stack effect is its influence on indoor air quality. The movement of air can cause pollutants and allergens to circulate throughout the building, leading to health problems for occupants. Proper ventilation systems can help mitigate these issues. Stack effect can also have an impact on the safety of a building. In the event of a fire, stack effect can cause smoke and flames to spread rapidly through the building, making it more difficult for occupants to escape. Proper fire safety measures, such as smoke detectors and fire suppression systems, can help mitigate these risks. Overall, stack effect is an important factor to consider in the design, construction, and maintenance of buildings. It can impact energy efficiency, indoor air quality, and safety, and should be carefully managed to ensure a comfortable and healthy indoor environment.
air pressure, temperature, energy efficiency, indoor air quality, ventilation, fire safety
Stack effect, also known as the “chimney effect”, is a phenomenon of air-flow due to differences in air pressure in a building or structure. It is the result of a vertical movement of air generated by the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the building. The pressure differences are caused by the temperature differences, leading to an increased pressure in the warm areas, and a decreased pressure in the cooler areas. Stack effect influences the temperature and air quality inside a structure and is one of the most common causes of air leaks in buildings. In the design of a building, stack effect must be kept in consideration in order to ensure a comfortable and energy efficient indoor environment.
air pressure, temperature, air leaks, energy efficiency.
CITATION : "Ji-Soo Park. 'Stack Effect.' Design+Encyclopedia. https://design-encyclopedia.com/?E=197516 (Accessed on August 21, 2025)"
Stack effect is the movement of air within a building or structure caused by the natural differences in temperature and density. This phenomenon occurs when warm air rises due to the lower density of warm air compared to cooler air. Hot air rises and creates a void in its wake, which is then filled by cooler air. The process is often enhanced by the use of fans, or other mechanical airflow systems. Stack effect is an important factor in the design of buildings, particularly those with high ceilings, as it can influence the aesthetics, energy efficiency, and safety of a space.
Stack effect, natural convective airflow, thermal chimney, convective loops, air pressure differences.
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