Electron capture detectors (ECDs) are highly sensitive instruments used in gas chromatography to detect trace amounts of organic compounds. The principle behind ECDs is based on the capture of electrons by certain molecules, typically halogenated compounds, resulting in a decrease in the electrical conductivity of the detector. This decrease in conductivity is proportional to the concentration of the analyte in the sample, allowing for accurate quantification of trace amounts of compounds. ECDs consist of a radioactive source, typically nickel-63, which emits beta particles that ionize the carrier gas. The ionized gas then flows through a chamber containing the analyte, where the electrons are captured by the halogenated compounds present in the sample. The resulting decrease in conductivity is measured by a detector, which produces a signal proportional to the concentration of the analyte. ECDs are highly selective and sensitive, capable of detecting compounds at concentrations as low as parts per trillion. They are commonly used in environmental monitoring, forensic analysis, and pharmaceutical research. However, ECDs are limited to the detection of halogenated compounds and are not suitable for the analysis of non-halogenated compounds.
gas chromatography, halogenated compounds, sensitivity, selectivity, environmental monitoring
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