Local area networks (LANs) are computer networks that connect devices within a limited geographical area, such as a home, office, or school. Setting up and configuring a LAN requires both hardware and software components. The hardware components include network interface cards (NICs), switches, routers, and cables, while the software components include network operating systems (NOSs), protocols, and applications. NICs are hardware devices that allow computers to connect to a LAN. They are installed inside the computer and provide a physical connection to the network. Switches and routers are also hardware devices that are used to connect multiple computers within a LAN. Switches are used to connect devices within a LAN, while routers are used to connect different LANs or to connect a LAN to the internet. NOSs are software programs that manage and control the network. They provide services such as file sharing, printer sharing, and user authentication. Some popular NOSs include Microsoft Windows Server, Linux, and Novell NetWare. Protocols are also software programs that are used to define how data is transmitted over the network. Some common protocols used in LANs include TCP/IP, Ethernet, and Wi-Fi. Finally, LAN applications are software programs that are used to communicate and share resources within the LAN. Examples of LAN applications include email, instant messaging, and file sharing programs. These applications allow users to communicate and share resources within the LAN without the need for an internet connection. In summary, setting up and configuring a LAN requires both hardware and software components. The hardware components include NICs, switches, routers, and cables, while the software components include NOSs, protocols, and applications. Together, these components allow users to communicate and share resources within the LAN.
LAN, NICs, switches, routers, NOSs, protocols, applications
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