Chromatic aberration is an optical phenomenon that occurs when a lens fails to focus all wavelengths of light to the same point, resulting in a visible distortion or fringing of colors along the edges of an image. This aberration arises from the dispersion of light as it passes through a lens, with different wavelengths of light (corresponding to different colors) being refracted at slightly different angles. In photography and lens-based imaging systems, chromatic aberration manifests as color fringing or a rainbow-like effect, particularly in high-contrast areas of an image. There are two main types of chromatic aberration: longitudinal (axial) and lateral (transverse). Longitudinal chromatic aberration occurs when different wavelengths of light are focused at different distances from the lens, while lateral chromatic aberration occurs when different wavelengths are focused at different positions in the focal plane. Lens designers employ various techniques to minimize chromatic aberration, such as using achromatic or apochromatic lens elements, which combine glasses with different dispersion properties to bring multiple wavelengths into a common focus. However, completely eliminating chromatic aberration is challenging, especially in lenses with a wide range of focal lengths or large apertures. In digital imaging, software algorithms can be applied to correct or mitigate the effects of chromatic aberration in post-processing.
color fringing, dispersion, lens aberration, optical distortion, purple fringing, rainbow effect, wavelength
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