Bioswales are landscape elements designed to remove silt and pollution from surface runoff water, consisting of a swaled drainage course with gently sloped sides and filled with vegetation, compost and/or riprap. The water's flow path, along with the wide and shallow ditch, is designed to maximize the time water spends in the swale, which aids the trapping of pollutants and silt. Depending upon the geometry of land available, a bioswale may have a meandering or almost straight channel alignment. Biological factors also contribute to the breakdown of certain pollutants. A common application is around parking lots, where substantial automotive pollution is collected by the paving and then flushed by rain. The bioswale, or other type of biofilter, wraps around the parking lot and treats the runoff before releasing it to the watershed or storm sewer. Bioswales are also used to protect sensitive riparian areas from agricultural runoff, attenuating contaminated stormwater from impermeable surfaces in the built environment, and remediating hazardous waste sites with substantial water contamination
Stormwater management, Phytoremediation, Green infrastructure, Sustainable drainage systems, Low impact development, Water pollution control, Biofiltration, Landscape architecture
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