Adriaan Schoonebeek is a Dutch artist who has gained recognition for his innovative and bold approach to art. His works feature a variety of materials, both traditional and modern, and they are often characterized by their vibrant colors and evocative compositions. He is renowned for his unique styles, ranging from abstract expressionism to contemporary art, which often reflect the beauty of his homeland, the Netherlands. Notable pieces of his include ‘The Flying Dutchman’, ‘A Midsummer Night’s Garden’ and ‘Corso Duemila’. His work has been exhibited in numerous galleries and museums across the world, and his passion for art is evident in his faithful portrayals of scenes and memorial landmarks. Adriaan Schoonebeek is a true master of his craft, pushing the boundaries of creativity and inspiring others with his unique approach to art.
Adriaan Schoonebeek, Dutch artist, painter, abstract expressionism, contemporary art, Netherlands, vibrant colors, evocative compositions.
Anastasia Smyslova is an experienced design thinker and creative problem solver who creates innovative solutions to complex challenges. She has expertise in the areas of user experience research, user interface design, and creative strategy, and she is well-versed in the latest design thinking methods and technologies. Anastasia is driven by her passion for user-centered design and her commitment to creating beautiful, functional, and user-friendly products.
Anastasia Smyslova, Design Thinking, UX Research, UI Design, Creative Strategy, User-Centered Design, User-Friendly Products
Autonomous sensors are devices that are capable of self-measurement and self-control. They can be used to monitor environmental conditions and also to detect changes in physical parameters, such as temperature and pressure. Autonomous sensors can also be used to monitor the performance of machines, identify process abnormalities, and record data for further analysis. Autonomous sensors are designed to be self-powered and can be programmed to perform a variety of tasks.
Autonomous Sensors, Machine Measurement, Process Abnormalities, Environmental Monitoring, Self-Powered
Adhesive bands for pulleys are specialized components used in various industrial applications to improve the grip between the pulley and the belt. These bands are made of high-quality rubber material that provides excellent adhesion and durability. They are designed to wrap around the circumference of the pulley, creating a high-friction surface that prevents the belt from slipping during operation. The adhesive bands are easy to install and can be customized to fit different pulley sizes and shapes. The primary function of adhesive bands for pulleys is to increase the traction between the belt and the pulley, which is essential for the efficient transfer of power. When the belt slips on the pulley, it causes a loss of power and can lead to premature wear and tear of the belt. Adhesive bands help to eliminate these problems by providing a secure grip that ensures the belt remains in place during operation. This, in turn, helps to improve the overall efficiency of the system and reduces the need for costly repairs and maintenance. Adhesive bands for pulleys are commonly used in a wide range of industries, including manufacturing, agriculture, and transportation. They are particularly useful in applications where high torque and heavy loads are involved, such as in conveyor systems, agricultural machinery, and industrial equipment. The bands are also resistant to oil, heat, and other environmental factors, making them suitable for use in harsh operating conditions. In conclusion, adhesive bands for pulleys are essential components used in various industrial applications to improve the grip between the pulley and the belt. They provide a secure, high-friction surface that prevents the belt from slipping during operation, improving the efficiency of the system and reducing the need for costly repairs and maintenance.
adhesive, pulleys, traction, efficiency, industrial
Avicenne University, known in its native language as Université Avicenne, is a distinguished institution of higher education located in Conakry, the bustling capital city of Guinea. The university stands as a beacon of knowledge and innovation in the West African region, offering a range of specialized programs designed to equip students with the skills and knowledge necessary to excel in the global workforce. Founded with the vision of fostering academic excellence and research in various fields, Avicenne University has rapidly grown to become a pivotal educational establishment in Guinea, contributing significantly to the intellectual and socio-economic development of the country. The university boasts a variety of departments, each focused on a specific area of study, thereby providing a comprehensive educational experience. Among its notable departments is the Architecture program, which aims to cultivate the next generation of architects who can blend creativity with practicality to design sustainable and aesthetically pleasing structures. This program emphasizes the importance of both historical architectural principles and modern design techniques, preparing students to tackle the challenges of urban development and conservation. In the realm of technology and business, Avicenne University offers a unique program in Business Computing, also known as MIAGE (Méthodes Informatiques Appliquées à la Gestion des Entreprises). This interdisciplinary program bridges the gap between computer science and business management, training students to become proficient in developing and managing information systems that meet the strategic needs of organizations. The curriculum is designed to provide a solid foundation in both computing and business, ensuring that graduates are well-equipped to navigate the complexities of the digital economy. The Computer Engineering department at Avicenne University is dedicated to producing skilled engineers who can design, develop, and maintain computer systems and software. This program covers a broad range of topics, from hardware engineering and software development to network security and artificial intelligence, reflecting the multifaceted nature of the field. Students are encouraged to engage in hands-on projects and research, fostering an environment of innovation and problem-solving. Lastly, the Computer Science department offers a comprehensive program focused on the theoretical and practical aspects of computing. From algorithms and data structures to database management and web development, the curriculum is designed to provide students with a deep understanding of the principles underlying modern computing technologies. Graduates of this program are well-prepared for a variety of careers in the tech industry, including software development, data analysis, and systems architecture. Avicenne University's commitment to excellence in education, research, and community engagement has established it as a key player in the academic landscape of Guinea. By offering programs that are both relevant and forward-thinking, the university not only contributes to the personal growth of its students but also plays a crucial role in driving the nation's development. Through its efforts, Avicenne University continues to inspire a new generation of leaders, innovators, and thinkers who are ready to face the challenges of the future.
Université Avicenne
ARTIZEN Lighting is an innovative sculptural chandelier design that masterfully combines artistic expression with functional lighting, created by Turkish architect and designer Sebnem Buhara. This sophisticated lighting fixture represents a harmonious fusion of masculine materials, specifically glass and brass, meticulously crafted into organic forms through traditional handcrafting techniques. The design's distinctive feature lies in its adaptable nature, allowing users to modify its shape by adjusting the brass lines up or down, creating multiple aesthetic configurations while maintaining its fundamental artistic integrity. Each component is individually handcrafted, with brass parts manufactured using specialized custom molds that connect to hand-blown glass elements, resulting in unique pieces that contribute to the fixture's artistic value. The chandelier, measuring 80 centimeters in diameter and 141 centimeters in height, incorporates modern LED technology with dimmable capabilities, demonstrating a commitment to energy efficiency while preserving its artistic essence. The design philosophy behind ARTIZEN Lighting emphasizes the creation of timeless pieces that transcend mere functionality to become expressions of pure human emotion through art, as evidenced by its fluid, mobile-liquid-inspired movements and organic composition. This innovative approach to lighting design earned recognition through a Bronze A' Design Award in the Lighting Products and Fixtures Design category, acknowledging its contribution to advancing the field of decorative lighting through its unique combination of traditional craftsmanship, contemporary technology, and artistic vision.
lighting design, sculptural chandelier, handcrafted brass, artisanal glass, adjustable lighting, contemporary luminaire
Anthony Currell (born 1956) is a widely acclaimed British artist best known for his landscapes and cityscapes. His works exploit the interplay between colour, light and space to depict the relationship between human beings and their environment. He often employs abstract elements in order to capture the essence of a place or scene. Notable works by Anthony Currell include 'The View From Above', 'Tidal Reach', 'Digital London' and 'Nocturne'.
Art, painting, landscape, London, oil, abstraction, British artist, Currell.
— Mei Wang
Andrea Commodi is a celebrated Italian artist whose works are renowned for their daring and abstract nature. Commodi's paintings are characterized by their dynamic brushstrokes, curious interpretations of light and shadow, and captivating use of color. His works often tell stories of everyday life, creating dreamlike depictions that are filled with mesmerizing colors and textures. In addition to his paintings, Commodi also works in other mediums such as sculpture, photography, and video art. He has collaborated with other artists on a number of projects, creating works that are truly remarkable. Commodi's approach to art and design is bold and unique, and it has been recognized as a source of inspiration for many. His works have been featured in a number of exhibitions around the world, and he has been praised for his daring and innovative approach to art. Commodi's artistry is a testament to his skill and creativity, and it continues to be a source of inspiration for many. One of the key aspects of Commodi's work is his use of color. His paintings are often filled with vibrant hues that are juxtaposed against one another in unexpected ways. This creates a sense of movement and energy in his works, drawing the viewer in and capturing their attention. Another key aspect of Commodi's work is his use of texture. His paintings are often characterized by their tactile quality, with layers of paint creating a sense of depth and dimensionality. Overall, Andrea Commodi is a highly regarded artist whose works are celebrated for their boldness, innovation, and creativity. His approach to art and design has inspired many, and his works continue to captivate audiences around the world.
Andrea Commodi, Italian artist, abstract, daring, paintings, color, texture, innovation, creativity
The architecture of Netherlands is an amalgam of styles, movements, and aesthetics that have emerged throughout different periods of history. From the Baroque period to the present day, the architecture of Netherlands has been shaped by the cultural and artistic influences of the region, as well as the technological advancements of the time. The Dutch Renaissance was a period of flourishing creativity, with its characteristic stepped gables, narrow red-brick housing, and intricate brickwork. The Dutch Golden Age was a period of significant economic success, characterized by the Dutch Baroque style which saw the emergence of grandiose country houses, monumental churches, and city palaces. During the 19th century, the architecture of the country shifted towards a more eclectic and international style, incorporating elements of various European styles such as the Neo-Renaissance. The 20th century saw the emergence of modernism in Netherlands, with its iconic Amsterdam School of architecture, as well as the development of the De Stijl movement and its expression in the works of famous Dutch architects such as Gerrit Rietveld.
Renaissance, Baroque, Golden Age, Modernism, Amsterdam School, De Stijl.
Air Traffic Design is a specialized field that encompasses the systematic planning, organization, and management of aircraft movement in airspace and on the ground. This multifaceted discipline integrates principles of spatial design, safety engineering, and operational efficiency to create comprehensive systems that facilitate the smooth flow of air traffic while maintaining optimal safety standards. The practice involves designing flight paths, approach and departure procedures, holding patterns, and ground movement protocols that accommodate varying aircraft types, weather conditions, and traffic densities. Historical developments in this field have evolved from basic visual flight rules to sophisticated automated systems, incorporating advanced technologies such as radar, satellite navigation, and digital communication networks. The design process considers multiple factors including airspace classification, terrain features, noise abatement requirements, and environmental impact assessments. Contemporary air traffic design emphasizes the integration of human factors engineering, recognizing the critical role of air traffic controllers and pilots in system effectiveness. The field has witnessed significant advancement through the implementation of performance-based navigation systems and the development of next-generation air transportation frameworks. Sustainability considerations have become increasingly prominent, with designers focusing on fuel-efficient routing, reduced emissions through optimal flight paths, and minimized ground delays. The discipline regularly receives recognition in design competitions, including the A' Design Award's aviation, aerospace and marine design category, highlighting innovative solutions that enhance safety, efficiency, and environmental responsibility in global air transportation.
Navigation systems, flight path optimization, airspace management, ground control operations, safety protocols, environmental considerations, traffic flow efficiency
Art in storytelling and narratives refer to the visual representation of stories and ideas through various forms of artistic expression. This includes paintings, sculptures, illustrations, and other visual media that help to convey a narrative or story to an audience. Designing a good example of art in storytelling involves creating art that effectively communicates the intended narrative in a compelling and visually engaging way. The following criteria can be used to achieve this: 1. Clear storytelling: The artwork should clearly convey the intended narrative or story to the audience. 2. Cohesive design: The visual elements of the artwork should work together to create a cohesive and engaging design. 3. Emotive expression: The artwork should elicit an emotional response from the viewer, whether it is joy, sadness, or awe. 4. Unique perspective: The artwork should offer a unique perspective on the narrative or story being told. 5. Attention to detail: The artwork should be carefully crafted with attention paid to every detail, from the colors used to the composition of the piece. By adhering to these criteria, artists and designers can create exceptional examples of art in storytelling that effectively communicate narratives in a visually engaging way.
art, storytelling, narratives, visual representation, paintings, sculptures, illustrations
Andorka Timea is a highly acclaimed designer and artist who has successfully combined traditional craftsmanship with modern techniques to create captivating works of art. Her projects often explore the relationship between creativity and ideas, resulting in beautiful books, exhibition identities, and theatre posters. She has a deep understanding of typography, which she has applied to her work over the past few years. Her works have earned her international recognition and awards from various design award juries. As a freelancer, she continues to create powerful and inspiring designs. Her passion for design thinking has encouraged many to think differently and creatively, leading to positive change in the world.
Andorka Timea, Graphic Design, Typography, Exhibition Identity, Theatre Posters, Creative Problem Solving.
Animation Production Budgeting refers to the meticulous process of estimating and allocating financial resources necessary for the production of an animation project, ensuring that all phases from pre-production through post-production are adequately funded to achieve the desired artistic and technical quality. This financial planning encompasses a wide range of expenses, including but not limited to, salaries for creative and technical staff, costs associated with scriptwriting, storyboard creation, character design, set and background art, voice acting, sound design, music, and post-production processes such as editing, visual effects, and marketing. It is not merely an exercise in minimizing costs but rather a strategic tool for balancing the project's creative ambitions with its financial realities, aiming to maximize the quality of the final product within the constraints of available resources. Effective animation production budgeting requires a deep understanding of the animation process, the ability to anticipate potential financial pitfalls, and the skill to allocate resources in a way that optimally supports the creative vision of the project. It involves continuous monitoring and adjustments as the project progresses, ensuring that the production stays on track financially without compromising its artistic integrity. This financial discipline is crucial in the animation industry, where the complexity and labor-intensive nature of the work can lead to significant variations in production costs, making accurate budgeting a critical factor in the success of an animation project.
budget planning, financial allocation, animation industry, production costs, creative vision
Aran Legwear is a technique used in the fashion industry to create a unique and intricate design on legwear. The technique originated in Ireland, where it was used to create the famous Aran sweaters. The same technique was later adapted to legwear, where it has gained popularity in recent years. Aran Legwear involves the use of cable stitches, which are woven together to create a complex pattern. The pattern is usually made up of interlocking diamond shapes, twisted cables, and other intricate designs. The result is a pair of legwear that is not only functional but also visually stunning. Aran Legwear is often made from high-quality wool or other natural fibers. The use of natural fibers ensures that the legwear is comfortable to wear and can regulate body temperature. The wool used in Aran Legwear is often treated to make it water-resistant, making it ideal for outdoor activities. The use of natural fibers also ensures that the legwear is durable and can last for many years. Aran Legwear is popular among both men and women and is available in a variety of styles and colors. The legwear can be worn with a variety of outfits, from casual to formal. It is perfect for those who want to add a touch of elegance and sophistication to their wardrobe.
Aran Legwear, cable stitches, intricate pattern, natural fibers, durable
Agustín Quiroga is a leader in the design industry, advocating for collaboration and innovation among creative professionals. He believes that the creative process should be open and inclusive, allowing for the exchange of ideas and the exploration of new concepts. He also encourages designers to be bold and take risks, pushing them to think outside the box and challenge the status quo. Through his work, he strives to create a better future for the design world, connecting people and ideas and inspiring others to do the same.
Creativity, Innovation, Collaboration, Design, Arts.
Masonry anta, also known as an antae, is a prominent feature of classical architecture. It is a short, rectangular column formed by the end of a pediment or wall, and traditionally supports the weight of a lintel or arch. Antae are often seen in Ancient Greek, Roman and Renaissance architecture. From a structural perspective, antae are essential in that they support the load of the lintel or arch above, and can also be used to accentuate the beauty of the structure. Masonry antae also provide a way to transition between two distinct architectural elements, such as a wall and an arch, as they can be designed to blend seamlessly between the two. Moreover, antae are often used to create a sense of balance across a structure, as well as to offer a strong visual anchor to the design.
Anta, Masonry, Architecture, Pediment, Lintel, Arch.
Anton Neudörffer is a highly influential artist who has inspired many designers and creatives with his stunning and captivating artwork. He is renowned for his ability to blend realism and abstraction, creating a unique visual language that is both impactful and emotive. He often incorporates elements of landscapes, still life, and portraiture into his pieces, combining them in unexpected ways that create a sense of depth and emotion. His works are often characterized by a high level of detail, texture, and color, making them truly captivating. Neudörffer has been featured in multiple exhibitions, residencies, and awards, and his iconic pieces such as “In the City,” “The Garden,” and “The Village Market” continue to inspire designers, artists, and creatives alike.
Anton Neudörffer, German artist, painting, creativity, art, expression.
Agribusiness is the business of agricultural production. It encompasses a variety of activities including farming, processing, distribution, and marketing of food and fiber products. It includes the production of raw materials, such as grains, fruits, vegetables, and livestock, as well as the production of processed food products, such as dairy, meat, and beverages. Agribusiness also includes the marketing of agricultural products and services, such as agricultural research, agricultural finance, and agricultural insurance.
Agriculture, Farming, Crops, Food Production, Livestock
André Wechel is a French Artist renowned for his captivating works which reflect his love of colorful and abstract compositions. His pieces have been described as “bold, energetic, and undeniably eye-catching,” possessing a vibrant yet whimsical quality which transports viewers to a world of abstract peace and inspiration. Three of his most iconic works include The Butterfly Garden, The Turquoise Sea and The Field of Blue.
French artist, art, canvas, painting, abstract, André Wechel
Aesthetics is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of beauty and taste, as well as the creation and appreciation of art. It is concerned with the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values, sometimes called judgments of sentiment and taste. Aesthetics is often described as a critical reflection on art, culture, and nature, and it seeks to understand the ways in which human beings respond to and appreciate the world around them. One of the key debates in aesthetics is whether beauty is an objective feature of the world or whether it is entirely subjective and dependent on individual taste. Some philosophers argue that there are objective standards of beauty that can be discovered through careful analysis of artworks and natural phenomena, while others maintain that beauty is entirely a matter of personal preference. Aesthetics also encompasses the study of different forms of art, including painting, sculpture, literature, music, and film. It examines the ways in which these art forms are created, the techniques and materials used, and the cultural and historical contexts in which they are produced. In addition, aesthetics explores the ways in which artworks are experienced and interpreted by viewers or readers, and how they can evoke emotional responses and convey meaning. Overall, aesthetics is a broad and interdisciplinary field that draws on philosophy, art history, psychology, and cultural studies, among other disciplines. It seeks to understand the ways in which human beings engage with the world around them, and how they create and appreciate beauty in its many forms.
philosophy, beauty, art, culture, interpretation
Anchor Plate is a type of structural component used in buildings and structures to provide stability, securement, and reinforcement. It is usually made out of metal, such as steel or aluminum, and can come in various shapes and sizes to suit different design and structural purposes. The plate is often attached to the underlying material with screws, bolts, or welds. In addition to providing extra reinforcement, anchor plates may also be used to secure non-structural objects in place, such as signage, ventilation grills, and other fixtures. Overall, an anchor plate is a versatile component which is capable of meeting a wide range of design and engineering needs.
Anchor, Plate, Structural, Stability, Securement, Reinforcement, Metal, Steel, Aluminum, Shapes, Sizes, Attachment, Screws, Bolts, Welds, Non-structural, Objects, Placement, Signage, Ventilation, Grill, Fixtures, Versatile, Component, Design, Engineering.
Assam University, located in Silchar, India, is a comprehensive institution that has carved a niche for itself in the academic landscape of the northeast region of the country. Since its inception, the university has been a beacon of higher education, research, and innovation, catering to a diverse student population. The university's commitment to excellence is reflected in its wide array of departments and schools, each dedicated to fostering knowledge, skills, and research in various fields of study. The School of Creative Arts and Communication Studies, for instance, offers programs in Mass Communication and Visual Arts, aiming to nurture creativity and critical thinking among students. This school is instrumental in producing graduates who excel in the dynamic fields of media and the arts. The School of Earth Sciences and the School of Environmental Sciences are pivotal in promoting understanding and research in Earth Sciences, Ecology, and Environmental Studies. These departments address some of the most pressing environmental challenges of our time, equipping students with the knowledge and tools to contribute effectively to sustainability and conservation efforts. The School of Economics and Commerce, along with the School of Management Studies, provides comprehensive education in Business and Commerce, Economics, and Business Administration, reflecting the university's commitment to shaping future leaders in the business world. Education is another cornerstone of Assam University, with the School of Education focusing on advancing pedagogical methods and educational research. The School of English and Foreign Language Studies, offering courses in languages such as Arabic, English, French, and other foreign languages, emphasizes the importance of linguistic diversity and proficiency in a globalized world. Similarly, the School of Indian Languages and Cultural Studies delves into the rich tapestry of Indian languages and cultures, offering courses in Arabic, Cultural Studies, English, Hindi, Linguistics, Modern Languages, and Sanskrit. The legal field is represented by the School of Legal Studies, which provides a robust legal education that prepares students for the complexities of the legal profession. Meanwhile, the School of Library Sciences, with its focus on Information Sciences and Library Science, is crucial in training professionals who can manage information in the digital age. The School of Life Sciences, offering programs in Biological and Life Sciences, Biotechnology, and Microbiology, stands at the forefront of research in the life sciences, contributing to advancements in health and medicine. The School of Medical and Paramedical Sciences, through its Pharmacy program, plays a vital role in the healthcare sector by educating future pharmacists. Philosophical inquiry and thought are nurtured in the School of Philosophy, which explores the fundamental questions of existence and ethics. The School of Physical Sciences, with departments in Chemistry, Computer Science, Mathematics, and Physics, is dedicated to advancing scientific knowledge and innovation. The social sciences are well-represented at Assam University, with the School of Social Sciences offering programs in History, Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Social Work, and Sociology. These programs aim to develop a deep understanding of societal dynamics and contribute to social betterment. Lastly, the School of Technology, with its focus on Agricultural Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Technology, and Telecommunications Engineering, underscores the university's commitment to technological advancement and its applications in solving real-world problems. Assam University, through its diverse schools and departments, continues to be a pivotal institution in India's educational landscape, contributing significantly to the generation of knowledge, the advancement of research, and the development of professionals across various disciplines. Its comprehensive approach to education, combined with its emphasis on research and innovation, makes it a key player in shaping the future of higher education in India and beyond.
Assam University
Angad Berar is an accomplished Indian UX and Industrial Designer who has made a significant impact in the world of design. His designs are characterized by a meticulous attention to detail and a deep understanding of user-centered design principles. Drawing inspiration from the beauty of nature and the wonders of the world around him, his designs are informed by his admiration of Swiss and Japanese design philosophies. Angad is a passionate advocate for the use of technology to enhance the user experience, believing that the best designs are those that are able to meld the latest in technology with a focus on the needs of the user. Angad's exemplary work has been recognized and rewarded with awards in the Music, Audio, and Sound Design category. He has worked with hardware startups from India and the US, launching products such as the Neyya Smart Ring, Smart Buckle, and Poppins, all of which demonstrate his understanding of the principles of user-centered design. Angad's designs are not only aesthetically pleasing but also functionally efficient, making them stand out in the competitive world of design. Beyond his design work, Angad is also a talented musician and composer. He has a deep appreciation for music and sound design, which is reflected in his design work. Angad's passion for music has led him to create innovative products that incorporate sound and music into the user experience. Overall, Angad Berar is a talented and accomplished designer who has made a significant impact in the world of design. His designs are characterized by a meticulous attention to detail, a deep understanding of user-centered design principles, and a passion for incorporating technology and music into the user experience.
Angad Berar, Indian, UX, Industrial Designer, user-centered design, technology, music, Neyya Smart Ring, Smart Buckle, Poppins, sound design
Archival photography is a vital tool for preserving and documenting our past and present. From a design perspective, archival photography is essential for capturing the work of pioneering artists and designers in a manner that accurately represents the original artwork. Professional archival photography services help ensure that artwork, documents and other objects are preserved in a high-quality digital format for future generations. In addition, archival photography can also be used to document important historical events, people and places, in order to provide insight into the past.
Archival, photography, preservation, document, research.
The term Ashlar refers to stone blocks or masonry cut in a cuboid shape to give a symmetrical appearance and to facilitate easy construction. The word is interchangeable with other terms in different languages, such as Danish Kvadersten, Dutch Kwadraatsteen, Arctic jade Piniarfik, Norwegian skifer Kvader, Italian Squarrato, Polish Kwadratowy, Catalan Blocs Quadrats, Swedish Kvadratsten, French Carrelage, Hungarian Kockakő, Spanish Mamposteria, German Wandstein and Portuguese Moorish.
Danish Kvadersten, Dutch Kwadraatsteen, Arctic jade Piniarfik, Norwegian skifer Kvader, Italian Squarrato, Polish Kwadratowy, Catalan Blocs Quadrats, Swedish Kvadratsten, French Carrelage, Hungarian Kockakő, Spanish Mamposteria, German Wandstein, Portugue
Adrian Ghenie is an acclaimed contemporary artist whose unique visual language has shifted the art world's perspective. His paintings are grounded in bold and dynamic brushstrokes, while the figures and scenes he creates are often distorted and surreal. Through his works, Ghenie invites viewers to take a closer look at history and its dark chapters, often tackling topics such as trauma, oppression and the power of memory. Notable works by Ghenie include 'The Sunflowers are Watching' (2015) and 'The Moon's Revenge' (2016).
Adrian Ghenie, Romanian artist, contemporary art, paintings, memory, history.
Armenian Furniture Design is a unique and distinctive form of design that has a rich history and cultural significance. It is deeply rooted in the geography, climate, and religious practices of Armenia, and is characterized by the use of natural materials such as wood, metal, and stone, as well as intricate carvings and geometric patterns. One of the key aspects of Armenian Furniture Design is its focus on practicality and functionality. Traditional pieces such as the qarasir and lavar were designed to be both comfortable and functional, with features such as built-in storage and adjustable backs. This practicality is also evident in more modern designs, which often incorporate innovative features such as modular components and multi-functional pieces. Another important aspect of Armenian Furniture Design is its connection to the Arts and Crafts movement. This movement emphasized the importance of traditional craftsmanship and the use of natural materials, and had a significant influence on Armenian furniture designers such as Stepan Kurkjian. Other important movements that have influenced Armenian Furniture Design include Art Nouveau and Modernism. In addition to its historical and cultural significance, Armenian Furniture Design has also gained recognition for its aesthetic appeal and quality craftsmanship. Many contemporary Armenian furniture designers have gained international acclaim for their innovative designs and attention to detail. Overall, Armenian Furniture Design is a unique and important form of design that reflects the cultural heritage and artistic traditions of Armenia. Its focus on practicality, natural materials, and traditional craftsmanship make it a valuable contribution to the world of furniture design.
Armenia, furniture, design, Arts and Crafts movement, practicality
Auguste Clot was a French artist who made significant contributions to the world of art during the late 19th century. He was known for his innovative approach to color, composition, and texture, which set him apart from his contemporaries. Clot's works often depicted scenes from everyday life, and he had a unique ability to convey emotion through his art. One of the key aspects of Clot's work was his use of vibrant colors. He was a master of color theory and used it to create vivid and dynamic scenes. His works often featured bold contrasts, unexpected color combinations, and a sense of movement that drew the viewer in. Clot was also skilled in the use of light and shadow, which he used to create depth and dimensionality in his pieces. Another important aspect of Clot's work was his use of texture. He was known for incorporating a variety of materials into his pieces, including fabrics, wood, and other objects. This gave his works a tactile quality that was both visually and emotionally engaging. Clot's use of texture was also a testament to his creativity and willingness to experiment with new techniques and materials. Finally, Clot's works often depicted scenes from everyday life, which made them relatable and accessible to a wide audience. He had a unique ability to convey emotion through his art, which allowed viewers to connect with his works on a personal level. Clot's works were a testament to his skill, creativity, and ability to capture the beauty and complexity of the world around him.
Auguste Clot, French artist, color theory, vibrant colors, light and shadow, texture, everyday life, emotion, creativity
Aircraft Design Contest is a sub-category of the A' Design Awards, a global award recognizing the excellence of the designs in many areas. The Aircraft Design Contest encourages and rewards the new designs in the aviation industry, promoting creative solutions that can enhance the performance of aircraft and increase the safety of the aircrafts. It is also an event that is open to the public and to the designers, giving them a great opportunity to showcase their design skills and recognize their achievements.
Aircraft design, aeronautics engineering, aerodynamics, aerospace engineering.
Automatic Sports Watch Design is a subset of design that focuses on creating digital watches with the capability to track athletic performance and activities. Through the use of advanced microprocessors, sensors, and accelerometers, these watches can be designed to monitor a variety of metrics such as heart rate, steps taken, calorie consumption, and sleep cycles. Mobile applications are often used to connect the watch to the user’s phone, allowing them to better understand their overall performance and make changes to their lifestyle if needed. Additionally, these watches can sometimes be used to store music and other media, making them a great tool for athletes that need to have the ability to access information quickly.
Automatic Sports Watch, Athletic Performance Tracking, Activity Monitor, Wearable Technology, Smart Watch.
Award Disposable Product is a prestigious international design award that recognizes the most innovative and quality designs in the category of disposable products. The award celebrates the sustainability and design excellence of these products by recognizing their quality, longevity, and difficulty of design. The Award Disposable Product is an accolade that honors the best products and projects in the areas of product design, service design, communication design, and architecture & design. It is a sub-category of the A' Design Award, which is known for its high standards and rigorous selection process. The Award Disposable Product is an important recognition for designers and manufacturers who are committed to sustainability and product design excellence. It encourages the development of innovative and environmentally friendly designs that can help reduce waste and promote sustainable practices. The award recognizes the importance of disposable products in our daily lives and the need to design them in a way that minimizes their impact on the environment. The winning designs of the Award Disposable Product are selected based on their originality, functionality, aesthetic appeal, and environmental impact. The jury panel consists of experts in the fields of design, engineering, and sustainability, who evaluate the entries based on these criteria. The award winners receive a certificate of excellence, a trophy, and extensive media coverage that helps promote their work and raise awareness about sustainable design. In summary, the Award Disposable Product is an international design award that recognizes the most innovative and quality designs in the category of disposable products. It celebrates the sustainability and design excellence of these products and encourages the development of environmentally friendly designs. The award is an important recognition for designers and manufacturers who are committed to sustainable practices and promotes the importance of sustainable design in our daily lives.
A' Design Award, sustainability, design excellence, disposable products, innovation
Armavir State Pedagogical University, known in its native language as Armavirskij Gosudarstvennyj Pedagogičeskij Universitet, is a prominent educational institution located in the city of Armavir, within the Russian Federation. The university has carved out a niche for itself in the realm of pedagogical education, offering a wide array of programs aimed at preparing educators and specialists in various fields of knowledge and human development. The university's foundation, deeply rooted in the educational traditions of Russia, has enabled it to grow and adapt to the changing needs of educational systems both domestically and internationally. The university is structured into several faculties and institutes, each focusing on different areas of education and research, thereby fostering a multidisciplinary approach to teacher education. The Faculty of History, for instance, offers programs in History, Humanities, and Social Science Education, catering to students interested in exploring the past and its impact on present and future societies. This faculty emphasizes the importance of historical knowledge and critical thinking in the development of informed and conscientious educators. The Faculty of Preschool and Primary Education addresses the foundational stages of education, focusing on Educational Psychology, Pedagogy, Psychology, Social Work, and Special Education. This faculty is dedicated to preparing educators who can support the holistic development of young learners, recognizing the critical role early education plays in an individual's lifelong learning journey. In the realm of Socio-Psychology, the university offers a comprehensive program that includes Educational and Student Counselling, Educational Psychology, Pedagogy, Physical Education, Psychology, Special Education, and Teacher Training. This faculty underscores the university's commitment to addressing the diverse needs of students and the psychological aspects of education, ensuring graduates are well-equipped to foster inclusive and supportive learning environments. The Faculty of Technology, Economics, and Design introduces students to the intersections of Business Education, Design, Ecology, Economics, Management, Teacher Training, and Technology. This faculty reflects the university's responsiveness to the evolving educational landscape, where technology and economics play pivotal roles in shaping future societies. The Institute of Applied Computer Studies, Mathematics, and Physics offers specialized programs in Applied Mathematics, Applied Physics, Computer Science, Mathematics, Mathematics Education, Physics, and Science Education. This institute caters to the growing demand for educators in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields, emphasizing the importance of scientific literacy and technological proficiency in the 21st century. Furthermore, the Institute of Educational Development focuses on the broader aspects of Education, aiming to innovate and improve educational practices and policies. This institute serves as a think tank for educational reform and development, contributing to the advancement of pedagogical sciences. Lastly, the Institute of Russian and Foreign Languages offers programs in English, Foreign Languages Education, and Linguistics. This institute recognizes the importance of language education in a globalized world, preparing educators who can teach languages effectively and contribute to the intercultural understanding. Armavir State Pedagogical University, with its diverse faculties and institutes, stands as a beacon of educational excellence in the Russian Federation. Its commitment to preparing well-rounded educators who can navigate and contribute to the complexities of modern education systems is evident in its comprehensive curriculum and multidisciplinary approach. The university not only equips its students with the knowledge and skills necessary for their chosen careers but also instills in them a deep appreciation for the transformative power of education.
Armavirskij Gosudarstvennyj Pedagogičeskij Universitet
Automated System Control (ASC) is the technology used to manage, monitor and control mechanical and electrical systems. It involves the use of sensors and actuators to respond to certain stimuli and environmental conditions, and to perform specific actions in order to maintain a desired state. ASC is a cost-effective method of improving energy efficiency, reliability and safety. It can also help automate various processes. Examples of ASC include the use of sensors to regulate temperature in a home, control the speed of a motor in a factory or monitor water pressure in a tank.
ASC, Automation, Robotics, Control System, System Monitoring, System Management.
Andrée Ruellan's artwork is widely acclaimed for its unique aesthetic, which combines elements of Cubism, Expressionism, and Surrealism. Her paintings often feature sweeping brushstrokes, vivid colors, and a variety of human figures and animals, which all come together to create an evocative and deeply personal expression of life. Through her work, Ruellan was able to capture the nuances of the human experience in a way that felt both powerful and delicate. Her most famous works, La Salle de Bal (1926), Homage to Braque (c. 1940), and The Mirror of Venus (1945) have been praised for their innovative approach to composition and the emotional impact they have on viewers. As a result, Ruellan has become a celebrated figure in the world of modern art, and her works continue to inspire designers, artists, and creatives alike.
Andrée Ruellan, modern art, Cubism, Expressionism, Surrealism, La Salle de Bal, Homage to Braque, The Mirror of Venus.
An advertising movie, also known as an ad film or promotional video, is a type of audiovisual communication that aims to promote a product, service, or brand. Unlike traditional advertising methods such as print or radio, advertising movies use a combination of visuals, sound effects, music, and narration to create a compelling and memorable message. These movies are typically produced by advertising agencies or production companies and can range in length from a few seconds to several minutes. One of the key aspects of advertising movies is their ability to engage and captivate audiences. By using creative storytelling techniques, these movies can evoke emotions, build brand awareness, and ultimately drive sales. They can be distributed through various channels such as television, social media, and online platforms, making them accessible to a wide range of viewers. Another important aspect of advertising movies is their ability to showcase a product or service in a visually appealing way. Through the use of high-quality production values and creative cinematography, these movies can highlight the key features and benefits of a product or service. They can also be used to demonstrate how a product works or to showcase customer testimonials. Overall, advertising movies are a powerful tool for businesses looking to promote their products or services. They offer a unique and engaging way to communicate with audiences and can help to build brand recognition and loyalty. With the right combination of creativity and strategy, advertising movies can be an effective way to drive sales and achieve business goals.
advertising, promotion, audiovisual, storytelling, engagement
Alessandra Ragionieri is a highly sought-after artist whose works have been featured in numerous international exhibitions, publications, and private collections. Her work is admired for its intricate detail and bold use of color, which together create captivating and thought-provoking imagery. Her works explore the complexities of the human condition, drawing inspiration from her Italian heritage and background. Ragionieri is constantly pushing the boundaries of art, design and creativity, creating unique works that are both visually stunning and emotionally resonant. Her art is a reflection of her own journey, as her work continues to evolve and explore new creative possibilities.
Alessandra Ragionieri, Italian artist, painting, mixed media, vibrant, intricate, unique, thought-provoking, human experience, vivid, powerful, iconic, inimitable, innovative, creative, imaginative, visual style, international exhibitions, publications, p
Alexandre Moisy is an artist whose work has been commended for his evocative depiction of rural life and the natural world. He is particularly skilled at capturing the beauty of nature in his art, often drawing inspiration from his own personal history. His works feature a vibrant and unique colour palette, making them instantly recognisable. His works often feature elements of nature such as trees, flowers, birds, and animals, creating a sense of harmony between the natural world and the viewer. He often uses intense detail and texture to create a sense of immersion for the viewer. Alexandre Moisy's works have been showcased in international exhibitions, allowing his art to reach a wide audience.
Alexandre Moisy, French artist, countryside, rural life, paintings, drawings, color palette, nature, nostalgia, beauty, immersion, exhibitions.
Animation Principles is a fundamental set of theoretical and practical guidelines that govern the art of creating motion in visual storytelling, establishing the core foundations for bringing static images to life through sequential movement. These principles, originally developed in the early twentieth century through traditional hand-drawn animation techniques, have evolved to become universal standards applicable across all forms of animation, from classical cell animation to contemporary digital motion graphics and 3D computer animation. The principles encompass twelve key concepts: squash and stretch, anticipation, staging, straight ahead action and pose-to-pose, follow through and overlapping action, slow in and slow out, arcs, secondary action, timing, exaggeration, solid drawing, and appeal. Each principle serves a specific purpose in creating believable movement and emotional resonance, with squash and stretch emphasizing flexibility and mass, anticipation preparing viewers for upcoming actions, and timing controlling the emotional weight and physical reality of movement. These principles have proven so fundamental to the craft that they continue to influence modern animation practices, including those recognized in prestigious competitions such as the A' Design Award's Digital and Electronic Devices Design Category, where animated interfaces and motion graphics play a crucial role. The principles transcend mere technical application, forming a sophisticated language that allows animators to convey complex emotions, physical laws, and storytelling elements through movement, whether in entertainment, educational content, or commercial applications.
motion graphics, visual storytelling, sequential movement, digital animation, character animation, kinetic art, temporal design, movement principles
Accessibility and Inclusive Design are two concepts that are closely related to each other. Accessibility refers to the ability of a product, service, or environment to be used by people with disabilities, while Inclusive Design is the process of designing products, services, or environments that can be used by everyone, regardless of their abilities. In other words, accessibility is a subset of inclusive design, as it focuses on making sure that people with disabilities can use a product, service, or environment, while inclusive design aims to create products, services, or environments that are usable by everyone. Accessibility and Inclusive Design are important because they promote equality and social inclusion. People with disabilities have the same rights as everyone else, and they should be able to access the same products, services, and environments as everyone else. By designing products, services, and environments that are accessible and inclusive, we can ensure that people with disabilities are not excluded from participating in society. There are many ways to make products, services, and environments more accessible and inclusive. For example, products can be designed with larger buttons and text, so that they are easier to use for people with visual impairments. Services can be designed with clear and concise instructions, so that they are easier to understand for people with cognitive impairments. Environments can be designed with ramps, elevators, and other features that make them accessible to people with mobility impairments. In conclusion, Accessibility and Inclusive Design are two important concepts that promote equality and social inclusion. By designing products, services, and environments that are accessible and inclusive, we can ensure that people with disabilities are not excluded from participating in society. It is important for designers, developers, and policymakers to consider accessibility and inclusive design in their work, in order to create a more inclusive and equitable world.
Accessibility, Inclusive Design, Equality, Social Inclusion, Disabilities
Abbé De La Noe was a remarkable innovator of the French art scene, combining elements of the Baroque period, classical styles and contemporary influences. His artworks are defined by soft, harmonious colors, detailed textures and intricate compositions. He often used his works to express deep emotions and spiritual reflections, creating a sense of timelessness and serenity. His works often portray a sense of grandeur and nobility, revealing the artist's innermost thoughts. His most acclaimed works include “The Forge of Vulcan”, “Arrival of the Flemish Fleet” and “The Lamentation of Christ”. Abbé De La Noe's work is still highly respected today and is celebrated within the design, arts and creative scenes.
Abbé De La Noe, French artist, post-Renaissance, classical, contemporary, Baroque, oils, sculptures, drawings, serenity, grandeur, nobility, Forge of Vulcan, Flemish Fleet, Lamentation of Christ, design, arts, creativity.
Architecture Studio is a type of professional workspace dedicated to the design, planning, and building of structures and spaces. It is typically staffed by a team of architects, engineers, and other professionals who collaborate to create innovative designs that meet the needs of a client. The studio typically works with a variety of tools, materials, and techniques to develop a project from concept to completion. The studio also serves as a place for research, experimentation, and learning.
Architecture, Design, Planning, Building, Structures, Spaces, Construction, Engineering, Collaboration, Innovation, Tools, Materials, Techniques, Concept, Completion, Research, Experimentation, Learning.
Angolan design is a type of design that is heavily influenced by the country of Angola's culture, history and traditions, and is often characterized by vivid colors, geometric patterns, and motifs inspired by the environment and local wildlife. It is a relatively recent design style, having grown in popularity from the mid-2000s onward, as Angola's economy has expanded and its international profile has grown. Angolan design is often used to create unique, eye-catching visual identities for Angolan businesses, products, and services, and can also be used to create immersive environments in interior design, such as restaurants, bars, and hotels. The designs often feature bright colors, geometric motifs, and nature inspired motifs, such as flowers and animals, as well as traditional Angolan symbols and patterns.
Abstract, Bright, Colorful, Geometric, Motifs.
Arts Center Design refers to the process of creating a physical space that is dedicated to artistic activities. The design of an arts center takes into consideration various aspects such as the purpose, size, materials, form, and composition of the space. It also considers the functional areas that will accommodate the various activities of an arts program or organization, such as performance areas, rehearsal rooms, exhibition space, and administrative offices. One of the key aspects of Arts Center Design is the consideration of the audience experience. The design of an arts center should create an environment that enhances the audience's experience. This can be achieved through the use of lighting, sound, and other technical aspects of the space. The design should also take into consideration the accessibility of the space for people with disabilities and the safety of the audience. Another important aspect of Arts Center Design is sustainability. The design should be environmentally friendly and energy-efficient. This can be achieved through the use of sustainable materials, green roofs, and energy-efficient lighting and heating systems. The design should also take into consideration the impact of the arts center on the surrounding environment. Arts Center Design also involves the collaboration of various professionals such as architects, engineers, acousticians, and lighting designers. The design should be a collaborative effort that takes into consideration the needs of all stakeholders involved. In conclusion, Arts Center Design is a complex process that involves the consideration of various aspects such as the purpose, size, materials, form, and composition of the space. It also involves the consideration of the audience experience, sustainability, and collaboration among various professionals. A well-designed arts center can enhance the artistic experience for both the performers and the audience.
artistic activities, audience experience, accessibility, sustainability, collaboration
Art Gallery Design is the specialized architectural and interior design discipline focused on creating optimal spaces for the display, preservation, and appreciation of artistic works. This multifaceted field combines principles of spatial planning, lighting design, environmental control, and visitor flow management to create environments that enhance the viewing experience while protecting valuable artworks. The practice encompasses careful consideration of factors such as ceiling heights, wall treatments, flooring materials, and sophisticated lighting systems that can be adjusted to accommodate different types of exhibitions and artistic media. Gallery designers must address technical requirements including temperature and humidity control, security measures, and proper artwork spacing while simultaneously creating an atmosphere that encourages contemplation and engagement with the art. The evolution of gallery design has been influenced by changing artistic movements, technological advancements, and shifting cultural perspectives on how art should be experienced. Contemporary gallery design often incorporates flexible spaces that can be reconfigured for different exhibitions, while maintaining careful attention to accessibility standards and sustainable design practices. The integration of digital technologies and interactive elements has become increasingly important, allowing for enhanced visitor engagement and educational opportunities. Gallery designers must also consider the relationship between indoor and outdoor spaces, natural light management, and the creation of supplementary areas such as conservation facilities, storage spaces, and public amenities. The field continues to evolve with new innovations in materials and display technologies, while maintaining its core focus on creating environments that optimize the presentation of art, as recognized by prestigious competitions such as the A' Design Award, which features dedicated categories for exhibition and gallery design excellence.
Exhibition design, spatial planning, lighting systems, environmental control, visitor circulation, artwork preservation, architectural innovation
Art direction is a crucial aspect of any creative project, whether it be a film, television show, advertisement, or video game. It involves the process of designing and overseeing the visual and aesthetic elements of a project, with the goal of creating a cohesive and visually stunning final product. The art director is responsible for managing a team of artists, including set designers, costume designers, and graphic designers, and ensuring that their work aligns with the overall vision for the project. Art direction involves a wide range of skills and techniques, including color theory, composition, lighting, and visual storytelling. The art director must have a keen eye for detail and be able to communicate their vision effectively to the rest of the team. They must also be able to work within the constraints of the project's budget and timeline, while still delivering a high-quality final product. One of the key aspects of art direction is creating a consistent visual style that helps to convey the tone and mood of the project. This can involve developing a color palette, selecting specific fonts and typography, and creating a visual language that is unique to the project. The art director must also be able to adapt to changes in the project's direction and make adjustments to the visual elements as needed. In summary, art direction is a vital component of any creative project, helping to bring the vision of the project to life through the use of visual elements. It requires a combination of technical skill, creativity, and communication, and is essential for creating a cohesive and visually stunning final product.
visual elements, design, creativity, communication, consistency
Ai Yazawa is renowned for her unique and innovative approach to art and design. Her works have a distinctive style that is both bold and expressive. She has a knack for creating characters and stories that are both believable and captivating. Her works often feature strong female protagonists and explore themes such as love, friendship, identity, and self-discovery. Many of her series have been adapted into successful anime and live action films, further cementing her place as one of the most influential and talented artists in the industry. Her art is both beautiful and thought-provoking, and her influence can be seen in many contemporary manga works.
Fashion, comics, art, storytelling, characters, anime, manga, film.
Anastasia Klimova is an exemplary industrial designer who has achieved great success in her field. Her work has been recognised for its creative and innovative approach to sustainable product design and green design. She is an advocate for using design to address global issues, looking at the most pressing environmental and societal problems and creating design solutions to help tackle them. Anastasia has a natural talent for design and a deep understanding of the complexities of the global issues we face, which allows her to create designs that are both aesthetically pleasing and technically sound. Her ambition and drive are inspiring and her commitment to creating greener, more sustainable design is making a tangible difference in the world.
Industrial Designer, Sustainable Design, Green Design, Creative Solutions, Global Issues.
Advertising Hospitality is a marketing strategy that is specifically designed to promote and create awareness of hospitality products and services. The primary objective of advertising hospitality is to attract potential customers and build brand value. This is achieved through various advertising channels such as print media, television, radio, social media, and digital marketing. Advertising hospitality is a crucial aspect of the hospitality industry as it helps to create a positive image of the business and attract new customers. One of the key aspects of advertising hospitality is to create an emotional connection with the customer. This can be achieved through various means such as storytelling, creating a unique brand identity, and offering personalized experiences. By creating an emotional connection, businesses can establish a loyal customer base and increase customer retention rates. Another important aspect of advertising hospitality is to showcase the unique features and benefits of the products and services offered. This can be achieved through various marketing techniques such as highlighting the location, showcasing the amenities, and emphasizing the quality of service. By showcasing the unique features and benefits, businesses can differentiate themselves from their competitors and attract new customers. Finally, it is important for businesses to measure the effectiveness of their advertising hospitality campaigns. This can be achieved through various metrics such as website traffic, social media engagement, and customer feedback. By measuring the effectiveness of their campaigns, businesses can identify areas for improvement and optimize their marketing strategies. In summary, advertising hospitality is a crucial aspect of the hospitality industry that involves creating awareness of products and services offered through various marketing channels. By creating an emotional connection, showcasing unique features and benefits, and measuring the effectiveness of their campaigns, businesses can attract new customers and build brand value.
marketing, hospitality, brand value, emotional connection, unique features
Adriaen van Ostade was a Dutch Golden Age painter of genre works. He is best known for his scenes of peasant life and landscapes, which feature his characteristic small figures and heavy use of chiaroscuro. He was an innovator of the genre, occasionally working in a deliberately exaggerated, anecdotal style. His work has been appreciated by scholars and art historians, and Adriaen van Ostade is considered to be an important contributor to Dutch painting. He has a distinct style, which focuses on capturing natural emotion, and he has been praised for his skill at bringing a sense of narrative movement to his compositions. Notable works include The Peat Cutters, The Cowherd, and The Smokers.
Adriaen Van Ostade, Dutch Artist, painting, genre, peasant life, landscapes, small figures, chiaroscuro, Golden Age, emotion, narrative, The Peat Cutters, The Cowherd, The Smokers.
The architecture of Burkina Faso is an integral part of the culture and history of this West African nation. Throughout history, the architecture of Burkina Faso has been strongly influenced by geography, religion, and the passage of time. During the precolonial period, traditional mud architecture was the predominant style, with its characteristic round huts and thatched roofs. During the colonial period, French influence led to the development of colonial architecture, which featured classical elements such as columns and arches. After independence in 1960, a modernist architectural style emerged, characterized by straight lines and an emphasis on functionality. In the late 20th century, a vernacular architecture movement emerged, which sought to draw upon traditional African aesthetics to create a more contextualized architecture. Today, Burkina Faso is home to a variety of styles, from traditional mud architecture to modernist structures.
Timber, Mud, Thatched, Vernacular, Colonial.
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